N Engl J Med ; : — Thun MJ. Beyond willow bark: aspirin in the prevention of chronic disease. Epidemiology ; 11 : —4. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prevention ; 8 : — Cryer B, Feldman M. Gastroenterology ; : 17 — Effect of aspirin on prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 production in human colonic mucosa from cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res ; 3 : — Ann Intern Med ; : — Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide.
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Volume Article Contents Abstract. Salicylic acid: a link between aspirin, diet and the prevention of colorectal cancer. Paterson , J. Oxford Academic. Google Scholar. Cite Cite J. Select Format Select format. Permissions Icon Permissions. Abstract Aspirin was introduced into clinical practice more than years ago. Open in new tab Download slide. Cancer Res. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. J Sci Food Agric. J Agric Food Chem. Am J Clin Nutr.
J Natl Cancer Inst. J Clin Pathol. Arch Intern Med. J Clin Invest. N Engl J Med. Crit Rev Plant Sci. Q J Med. Gastroenterol Int. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prevention. Clin Cancer Res. Ann Intern Med. Issue Section:. Download all slides. View Metrics. Email alerts Article activity alert. Importantly, aspirin does not decrease normal body temperature 1,2,3.
From a cardiovascular perspective aspirin also has an important role: Thromboxane A2 TXA2 is a lipid that stimulates new platelet formation and increases platelet aggregation. This aspirin effect is mediated via COX-1 inhibition within platelets and helps stop the platelets from sticking to each other or to plaques within the artery therefore reducing the risk of blood clot thrombus formation within the blood stream. In this way aspirin can help lower the risk of future myocardial infarction MI or stroke 1,3.
Aspirin, therefore, has an analgesic reduces pain , anti-inflammatory reduces redness and swelling , anti-platelet reduces blood clots and antipyretic temperature reduction effects 1,2,3. In cancer, aspirin is believed to impact a number of cancer signalling pathways and may induce or upregulate cancer suppressor genes 3. Because Aspirin is a non- selective COX- 1 and COX-2 inhibitor, as well as its beneficial analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet and antipyretic effects its use can also result in peptic ulcer development and gastric bleeding.
Taking aspirin and alcohol together can increase the risk of gastric bleeding 1,3. Inside the body, aspirin is converted into its active metabolite salicylate. This happens mostly in the liver. Peak concentration of salicylate in the plasma occurs approximately hours after ingestion. Excretion from the body is mainly through the kidney. Alkaline urine speeds up the excretion of aspirin.
It takes about 48 hours to excrete an aspirin completely. The half-life of aspirin in the blood stream is minutes and the half-life of its metabolite salicylate is around 3. Therefore, a higher dose of aspirin is required for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in comparison to its antiplatelet action 1.
The fact that COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes have different levels of sensitivity to aspirin and recover their cyclooxygenase activity post aspirin at different rates helps explain the different dosing regimens for aspirins varying clinical indications 1. Some drug interactions can occur when aspirin is given with other medicines. Aspirin can displace drugs from their plasma binding-sites and in this way may increases the effects of anticoagulant drugs and oral hypoglycaemics.
It can also inhibit urate secretion and should be avoided in gout 3. The Reactions The production of aspirin from raw materials can be divided into four separate reactions as shown here:. Chapter 11 Anti-inflammatory drugs: treatment of arthritis and gout.
The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ge Junbo, male, was born in Wulian, Shandong province on Nov. He is the member of Chinese Academy of Sciences, professor and doctoral supervisor. He is also the designate chairman of the Cardiovascular Disease Branch of Chinese Medical Association, council member of the Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions Association, international consultant of the American Heart Association. In Dec. Ge has been engaged in clinical and scientific research work of cardiovascular disease since , and his research area covers the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease, early diagnosis and treatment plan optimization.
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