The herd method is defined in the child HerdingDog class, so the two objects, Maisel and Fluffy , instantiated from the HerdingDog class have access to the herd method. Rufus is an object instantiated from the parent class Dog , so Rufus only has access to the bark method. Encapsulation means containing all important information inside an object , and only exposing selected information to the outside world. Attributes and behaviors are defined by code inside the class template.
Then, when an object is instantiated from the class, the data and methods are encapsulated in that object. Encapsulation hides the internal software code implementation inside a class, and hides internal data of inside objects. The information the car shares with the outside world, using blinkers to indicate turns, are public interfaces. In contrast, the engine is hidden under the hood. However, exposing internal, private data like the engine temperature, would just confuse other drivers.
Encapsulation adds security. This adds a layer of security, where the developer chooses what data can be seen on an object by exposing that data through public methods in the class definition. Within classes, most programming languages have public, protected, and private sections. Public is the limited selection of methods available to the outside world, or other classes within the program.
Protected is only accessible to child classes. Private code can only be accessed from within that class. Note: JavaScript has private and protected properties and methods. Consider the getAge method in our example code, the calculation details are hidden inside the Dog class. This allows us to hide important information that should not be changed from both phishing and the more likely scenario of other developers mistakenly changing important data.
Encapsulation adds security to code and makes it easier to collaborate with external developers. Instead, developers create public methods that allow other developers to call methods on an object. Ideally, these public methods come with documentation for the external developers. Abstraction means that the user interacts with only selected attributes and methods of an object. Abstraction uses simplified, high level tools, to access a complex object. Abstraction is using simple classes to represent complexity.
Abstraction is an extension of encapsulation. A driver only uses a small selection of tools: like gas pedal, brake, steering wheel, blinker. The engineering is hidden from the driver. To make a car work, a lot of pieces have to work under the hood, but exposing that information to the driver would be a dangerous distraction. Abstraction also serves an important security role.
By only displaying selected pieces of data, and only allowing data to be accessed through classes and modified through methods , we protect the data from exposure. Polymorphism means designing objects to share behaviors. Using inheritance, objects can override shared parent behaviors, with specific child behaviors.
Polymorphism allows the same method to execute different behaviors in two ways: method overriding and method overloading. Runtime polymorphism uses method overriding.
In method overriding, a child class can provide a different implementation than its parent class. In our dog example, we may want to give TrackingDog a specific type of bark different than the generic dog class. Method overriding could create a bark method in the child class that overrides the bark method in the parent Dog class. Compile Time polymorphism uses method overloading. Methods or functions may have the same name, but a different number of parameters passed into the method call.
Different results may occur depending on the number of parameters passed in. In this code example, if no parameters are passed into the updateAttendance method. One day is added to the count. If a parameter is passed in updateAttendance 4 , then 4 is passed into the x parameter in updateAttendance x , and 4 days are added to the count. Object Oriented programming requires thinking about the structure of the program and planning at the beginning of coding.
Looking at how to break up the requirements into simple, reusable classes that can be used to blueprint instances of objects. Overall, implementing OOP allows for better data structures and reusability, saving time in the long run.
These courses are text-based with in-browser coding environments so you can learn even faster and more efficiently. No set-up required, just get in and start coding. Join a community of , monthly readers. A free, bi-monthly email with a roundup of Educative's top articles and coding tips. All rights reserved. What is Object Oriented Programming? OOP Explained in Depth. Apr 15, - 15 min read. We can then reuse this class to represent any number of cars.
Class blueprint being used to create two Car type objects, myCar and helensCar. Natural Language Processing. Techopedia Terms. Connect with us. Sign up. Term of the Day. Best of Techopedia weekly. News and Special Offers occasional. Techopedia Explains Object-Oriented Language OOL Object-oriented language was primarily designed to reduce complexity in typical procedural languages through data binding and encapsulation techniques. They support programming using the classes and objects paradigm.
Object-oriented code is extremely modular by design. Because of polymorphism and abstraction, you can make one function that can be used over and over again. This saves time, reduces complexity, saves space, and makes coding a lighter load on our fingers. There is enough groundwork for parts of the program to be developed separately from each other and still function under object-oriented principles. This makes concurrent development much easier for larger development teams. Because most, if not all, of our code is in one place, being called and reused, that code is much easier to maintain.
Instead of having to individually fix a hundred different instances where a function is called, we can fix the one modular and polymorphic function. While most languages have some security, object-oriented languages are convenient because security is built-in with encapsulation. Other methods and classes cannot access private data by default, and programs written in OOP languages are more secure for it.
Object-oriented programming languages break down an application into objects and classes. This is beneficial because it gives your application a more modular structure. Modular code is easier to read. Therefore, it is easier to maintain.
Because object-oriented languages are so customizable and scalable, it can be easy to lose an understanding of how the code works. OOP code can function in many ways. Because these languages are so modular and scalable, going in without a clear design ahead of time is a recipe for disaster. Creating an efficient program requires a solid plan, more so than with other programming paradigms. Two months after graduating, I found my dream job that aligned with my values and goals in life!
This is as much a pro as it is a con. Objects and functions can operate independently. They can take in information and usually return reliable results. Object-oriented languages often take a performance hit. Programs made in OOP languages are often larger and require more computational effort to run than functional languages.
The difference in speed only becomes apparent when processing huge or complex calculations or in instances where extreme speed is required. Programming in these languages can be as enjoyable as it is profitable, and your career in development is only a few steps away. About us: Career Karma is a platform designed to help job seekers find, research, and connect with job training programs to advance their careers.
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